n-Decanoic acid was irritant to the skin of humans and to the skin and eyes of rabbits. No skin sensitization was induced in volunteers treated with a dilute solution. Acute oral toxicity in rats and dermal toxicity in rabbits was generally low, with central nervous system effects being seen following oral administration. Limited studies in rats and dogs suggested a low toxicity upon repeated oral administration. When a mixture of decanoic acid and octanoic acid (as the triglycerides) was fed to rats through successive generations, an increased mortality rate (probably related to nutritional factors) was seen among the offspring comprising the third generation. Decanoic acid gave no evidence of carcinogenicity in very limited oral studies in rats, and no mutagenicity was noted in bacterial tests including Ames assays.
The sodium and potassium salts were irritant to human skin.
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