Key terms and Acronyms

ACGIH Association Advancing Occupational and Environmental Health

ACNFP Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes

ADI Acceptable daily intake

ADI “not specified” JECFA term for a substance considered to have a very low toxicity for which no safe upper-limit of intake is established

AHAW EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare

AI Acceptable intake

AI Adequate intake

AF Assessment factor

ANS EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources Added to Food

AOEL Acceptable operator exposure level

AOP Adverse outcome pathway

APVMA Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

ARfD Acute (oral) reference dose

AS Allometric scaling

ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

BfR The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment

BIBRA British Industrial Biological Research Association

BMC Benchmark concentration

BMCL Lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark concentration

BMCL₁₀ Lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark concentration corresponding to a 10% relative change in the end-point

BMD₁₀ Benchmark dose for a 10% response

BMDL₁₀ Lower 95% confidence limit on the benchmark dose for a 10% response

BPR Biocidal Products Regulation (EU) No 528/2012

BW Body weight

CAS RN Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number

CEF EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids

CICAD WHO Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents

CIR Cosmetic Ingredient Review

C&L Classification and labelling

Chesar Chemical safety assessment and reporting tool

CLP Classification, labelling and packaging (Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008)

CMR Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substance

COC Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals In Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (UK)

COM Committee on Mutagenicity of Chemicals In Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (UK)

CONTAM EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain

Cosmetics Regulation (EC) 1223/2009

COT Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals In Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (UK)

DECOS Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety

DMEL Derived minimal effect level

DNEL Derived no effect level

DRV Dietary reference value

DSD Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC)

DPD Dangerous Preparations Directive (1999/45/EC)

EC European Commission

EC3 Derived from the LLNA, the EC3 is the estimated concentration of a test substance needed to produce an SI of 3. ECETOC definitions of potency are: extreme sensitizer (EC3 value <0.1); strong sensitizer (EC3 >0.1 – ≤1); moderate sensitizer (EC3 value >1 – <10; and weak sensitizer (EC3 value >10).

EC₅₀ Half maximal effective concentration

ECETOC European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals

ED₅₀ Half maximal effective dose

ECDD WHO expert committee on drug dependence

ECHA European Chemicals Agency

EFSA European Food Safety Authority

EHC Environmental Health Criteria

EMA European Medicines Agency

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

ESL Effects screening level

EU European Union

FEEDAP EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed

FSANZ Food Standards Australia New Zealand

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FDA Food and Drugs Administration

GESTIS IFA database on hazardous substances

GHS Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

GLP Good laboratory practice

GRAS Generally recognised as safe

HBGV Health-based guidance value

HC Health Canada

HCV Health Criteria Value

HERA Human and Environmental Risk Assessment on ingredients of household cleaning products

IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer

IC₅₀ Median inhibitory concentration

ICD International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems

ICH International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use

i.p. Intraperitoneal

i.v. Intravenous

IATA Integrated approach on testing and assessment

IFA Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

IPCS International Programme on Chemical Safety

IRIS Integrated Risk Information System (US EPA)

ISO International Organization for Standardization

ITAP Initial Targeted Assessment Profile

ITAR Initial Target Assessment Report

IUCLID International Uniform Chemical Information Database

JECFA Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

JMPR Joint FAO/WHO meeting on Pesticide Residues

KE Key event

LC₀ Maximum tolerable concentration

LC₅₀ Median lethal concentration (i.e. the concentration that is lethal to 50% of the exposed group)

LD₀Maximum tolerable dose

LD₅₀ Median lethal dose (i.e. the dose that is lethal to 50% of the exposed group)

LLNA Local lymph node assay

LOAEC Lowest observed adverse effect concentration

LOEC Lowest observed effect concentration

LOAEL Lowest observed adverse effect level

LOEL Lowest observed effect level

MAC Maximum acceptable concentration (in drinking water)

MAL Maximum acceptable level

MET₁₀ 10% minimum elicitation threshold

mg/kg bw Milligrams per kilogram of body weight

MIE Molecular initiating event

MoA Mode of action

MoE Margin of exposure (risk assessment)

MoS Margin of safety

MRL Minimal risk level

MRL Maximum residue level

MTD Maximum tolerated dose

NDA EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies

NESIL No expected sensitisation induction level

NICNAS National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NOAEC No observed adverse effect concentration

NOAEL No observed adverse effect level

NOEC No observed effect concentration

NOEL No observed effect level

NOGEL No observed genotoxic effect level

NRC National Research Council

NTP National Toxicology Program

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

OEL Occupational exposure limit

OEHHA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment

PBPK Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling

PDE Permitted Daily Exposure

PEC Predicted environmental concentration

PHE Public Health England

PNEC Predicted no-effect concentration

POD Point of Departure

p.o. Peroral

PPR EFSA Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues

PRI Population reference intake

Proposition 65 California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act

QSAR Quantitative structure–activity relationship

RAC Committee for Risk Assessment

RCR Risk Characterisation Ratio

RD₅₀ The concentration required to reduce the respiratory rate by 50%

RDA Recommended dietary allowance

RDI Recommended daily intake

REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation & Restriction of Chemicals; Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006

ReV Reference Value

RfC Reference concentration (for chronic inhalation exposure)

RfD Reference dose (for chronic oral exposure)

RIFM Research Institute for Fragrance Materials

ROC NTP Report on Carcinogens

RPA Reference point for action

S9 Induced mammalian liver post-mitochondrial fraction used for metabolic activation

SAR Structure–activity relationship

SACN Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition

s.c. Subcutaneous

SCCS Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety

SCHER Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks

SCHEER Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks

SCENIHR Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks

SCOEL Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits

SI Stimulation Index. Derived from the LLNA, the SI is the ratio of lymphocyte proliferation in a treated group to that in the vehicle control group. An SI of ≥3 is considered a positive result for sensitisation

SIAM SIDS intial assessment meeting

SIAP SIDS Initial Assessment Profile

SIAR SIDS Initial Assessment Report

SIDS Screening Information Dataset

STEL Short term exposure limit

T25 The chronic daily dose in mg/kg bw which will give 25% of the animals tumours at a specific tissue site

TC Tolerable concentration

TCA Tolerable concentration in air

TD50 The chronic daily dose in mg/kg bw which will give 50% of the animals tumours at a specific tissue site

TCEQ The Texas Committee on Environmental Quality

TG Test guideline

TGA Therapeutics Goods Administration